Çocukluğu Anlamak: Bir Literatür Taraması
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61518/ijpw-30Anahtar Kelimeler:
Çocukluk, Davranış, Kişilik, Gelişim, ÇevreÖzet
Bir çocuğun kim olduğu yaşı, fiziksel gelişimi gibi unsurların temelinde açıklanabilir. Çocuklar insanlığın devamı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Çocukluk yolculuğu, bireysel kişilikleri ve yetişkinliğin talep ve sorumluluklarıyla başa çıkma becerisini belirler.
Her toplum çocuğun refahı ile ilgilenir ve ilgilenmelidir. Çocukluk kavramı, yaşamın bu döneminde gerçekleşen tüm deneyimlerden oluşur. Çocuğun savunmasızlığı, sadece çocuğun kişiliğine ilgi duyulmasına neden olmakla kalmamış, aynı zamanda yasaların ve hakların yasallaştırılmasını, yönetim organları, ebeveynler, kültürel uygulamalar vb. tarafından çocuğun refahını
korumak ve sağlamak için kuralların uygulanmasını gerekli kılmıştır. Farklı yaklaşımlar ve düşünce ekolleri, çocukluğun temel belirleyicileri ve bileşenleri ile sonraki yaşamda ortaya çıkan davranışları tartışmıştır. Bu çalışma, insan davranışının arka planını anlama ihtiyacına dayanmaktadır ve bu da nihayetinde çocukluk bileşenleri ve deneyimlerine dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışma teorik bir nitelik taşımaktadır ve çocukluğun genetik, kültürel ve antropolojik bileşenleri üzerine güvenilir ve akredite veri tabanlarından özenle seçilmiş bilimsel makaleleri gözden geçirmiştir. Bu makale aynı zamanda, çocuğun kişilik özelliği, insanların
çocuğun kim olduğuna dair algısı ve bu algıları kolaylaştırmak için medyanın kullanımı gibi çocukluğa dair bu yaklaşımlara yöneltilen eleştirileri de objektif bir şekilde tartışmaktadır. Son olarak, makale, çocuğun kişiliğine ve davranışlarına temel katkıda bulunan ve daha sonra toplumun yetişkin bir üyesi olarak o toplumun başarısı üzerinde büyük bir etki yaratan dış faktörlerden bağımsız olarak bir çocuğun bireyselliğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Referanslar
Alanen, L. (2001). Explorations in generational analysis. In Alanen, L & Mayall, B. (Eds.), Conceptualizing child-adult
relations (pp. 11-22). London: Routledge Flamer.
Aries, P. (1962). Centuries of childhood. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Ba’, S. (2021). The critique of Sociology of Childhood: Human capital as the concrete social construction of childhood,
Power and Education, 13(2), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/17577438211011637
Bellingham, B. (1988). The history of childhood since the “Invention of Childhood”: Some issues in the eighties. SAGE
Publications: Journal of Family History, 13(3), 271-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/036319908801300305.
Bouchard, T. J. (2004). Genetic influence on human psychological traits: A survey, Current Directions in Psychological
Science,13, 148–151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.0029
Charney, E., Goodman, H. C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Breese, B., & Marx, K. (1976). Childhood antecedents
of adult obesity: Do chubby infants become obese adults?, New England Journal of Medicine, 295(1), 6-9.
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm197607012950102
Cherry, K. (2020). Child development theories and examples. Verywell Mind. Retrieved November 25, 2022 from
https://www.verywellmind.com/child-development-theories-2795068
Cherry, K. (2022). Sigmund Freud's life, theories, and influence. Verywell Mind. Retrieved November 25, 2022 from
https://www.verywellmind.com/sigmund-freud-his-life-work-and-theories-2795860
Eckersley, R. (2011). A new narrative of young people’s health and well-being. Journal of youth studies, 14, 627-638.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2011.565043
Ghosh, S., & Gaur, M. J. (2020). Consumerism engulfing childhood and youth. Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode
th International Conference on Marketing, Technology & Society 2020. Retrieved 20 November, 2022
from https://forms.iimk.ac.in/research/markconf20/Proceedings/114.pdf
Gianoutsos, J. (2006). Locke and Rousseau: Early childhood education. The Pulse, 4(1), 1-23. Retrieved from https://
www.baylor.edu/content/services/document.php?id=37670
Hill, J. A. (2011). Endangered childhoods: How consumerism is impacting child and youth identity. Media, Culture &
Society, 33(3), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710393387
Holland, S. (2008). The everyday lives of children in care: using a sociological perspective to inform social work practice.
In A Luckock, B. & Lefevre, M. (Eds.), Direct work: Social work with children and young people. BAAF,
-94. ISBN 978 1 905664 29 0.
James, A., Jenks, C. & Prout, A. (1998). Childhood in social space. In James, A., Chris, J. & Prout, A. (Eds.), Theorizing
childhood. London: SAGE Publications
James, A., & James, A. (2008). Key concepts in childhood studies. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Johansson, S. R. (1987). Centuries of childhood/centuries of parenting: Philippe Ariès and the modernization of privileged
infancy. Journal of Family History, 12(4), 343-365. https://www.representingchildhood.pitt.edu/pdf/aries.
Kehily, M. J. (2010). Childhood in crisis? Tracing the contours of ‘crisis’ and its impact upon contemporary parenting
practices. Media, Culture & Society, 32(2), 171–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443709355605
Kerr, G. (2022). Gender Based Violence in Children’s Sport (Eds.). London: Routledge. https://doi.
org/10.4324/9781003035138.
Lee, M. (2015). Louis Althusser on interpellation, and the ideological state apparatus, Not even past. Retrieved November
, 2022 from Louis Althusser on Interpellation, and the Ideological State Apparatus - Not Even Past
(utexas.edu)
Leseman, P. P. M. (2002). Early childhood education and care for children from low-income or minority backgrounds.
OECD. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/1960663.pdf
McCormack, G. (2019). Children are a product of their environment, education-application-innovation. Retrieved November
, 2022 from https://gavinmccormack.com.au/children-are-a-product-of-their-environment/
Miskec, J. M. (2014). Pedi-Files: Reading the foot in contemporary illustrated children's literature. Children's Literature,
(1), 224-245. https://doi.org/10.1353/CHL.2014.0017
Montgomery, H. (2008). An introduction to childhood: Anthropological perspectives on children's lives. Oxford, UK:
John Wiley & Sons. http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-140512590X.html
Morrow, V. (1999). Conceptualising social capital in relation to the well‐being of children and young people: a critical
review. The sociological review, 47(4), 744-765. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.00194
Murdock, G. P. (1949). Social structure. Macmillan. Retrieved November 5, 2022 from https://psycnet.apa.org/record/
-04761-000
Murray, G. S. (2005). The long history of children as consumers. Reviews in American History, 33(1), 84-88. https://
doi.org/10.1353/rah.2005.0014.
Nelkin, D. & Lindee, M. S. (1995). The DNA mystique: The gene as a cultural icon. New York: Freeman.
Nicholson, C. (2012). Childhood, well-being and a therapeutic ethos. Psychodynamic Practice 18(2), 1-10. http://dx.
doi.org/10.1080/14753634.2012.664880
Norozi, S. A. & Moen, T. (2016). Childhood as a social construction. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 6(2),
-80. https://doi.org/10.5901/JESR.2016.V6N2P75
OECD (2020). Chapter 1. Why early learning and child well-being matter. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org///
sites/218760a6-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/218760a6-en#section-20
OECD (2021). Measuring What Matters for Child Wellbeing and Policies. Policy Insights (WISE). https://www.oecd.
org/wise/Measuring-What-Matters-for-Child-Wellbeing-and-Policies-Policy-brief-July-2021.pdf
Orenstein, P. (2006). What’s Wrong With Cinderella? in The New York Times. Retrieved November 18, 2022
from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/24/magazine/24princess.t.html?ex=1324616400&en=8e5a1ac1332a802c&
ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=1
Palmer, S. (2015). Toxic childhood: How the modern world is damaging our children and what we can do about it. London:
Orion Books
Palmer, S. (2018). What is toxic childhood? In House, R. & Loewenthal, D. (Eds.), Childhood, well-being and a therapeutic
ethos, (pp. 37-54). London: Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429472862-3
Paré, G., Trudel, M. C., Jaana, M. & Kitsiou, S. (2015). Synthesizing information systems knowledge: A typology of
literature reviews. Information & Management; 52(2),183–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.08.008
Parsons, T. (1954) Psychology and sociology. In J. Gillin (Ed.), For a science of social man: Convergences in anthropology,
psychology, and sociology, (pp. 67–101). MacMillan Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/11282-004
Pollock, L. (2017). Children, parents and family: 1500-1900. In Dolan, P. & Frost, N. (Eds), The Routledge handbook of
global child welfare. London: Routledge.
Postman, N. (1985). The disappearance of childhood. Childhood Education, 61(4), pp. 286-293. Retrieved November 17
from https://doi.org/10.1080/00094056.1985.10520201
Pugh, A. J. (2002). From" compensation" to" childhood wonder": Why parents buy. Berkeley Collection of Working and
Occasional Papers, 49. Retrieved November 2, 2022 from http://hdl.handle.net/2345/4119.
Qvortrup, J. (2002). Sociology of childhood: Conceptual liberation of children. In Mouritsen, F. & Qvortrup, J. (Eds.),
Childhood and children’s culture, (pp. 43-78). Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark.
Rogers, S. W. (2003). What is a child? In Woodhead, M. & Montgomery, H. (Eds.). Understanding childhood: an interdisciplinary
approach, (pp. 1-43). UK: The Open University.
Schaffer, H. R. (2004). Introducing child Psychology. United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Schor, J. (2004). Born to buy: The commercialized child and the new consumer culture. New York: Scribner
Stevenson, E. G. J., & Worthman, C. M. (2014). Child well-being: Anthropological perspectives. In: Ben-Arieh,
A., Casas, F., Frønes, I., & Korbin, J. (Eds.) Handbook of child well-being. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.
org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_20
Ohchr (n.d.). Convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved December 10, 2023 from https://www.ohchr.org/sites/
default/files/crc.pdf
Unicef (n.d.). A summary of the UN Convention on the rights of the child. Retrieved Retrieved December 10, 2023 from
https://www.unicef.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/UNCRC_summary-1_1.pdf
Unicef (n.d.). The united nations convention on the rights of the child – the children’s version . Retrieved December 10,
from https://www.unicef.org/media/56661/file
Vernes, P. M. (2006). Social quality in Rousseau, European Journal of Social Quality, 6(1), 8-26. https://doi.
org/10.3167/146179106780246521
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2024 Ph.D., Ntite Orji Kalu
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
